LED lighting apparatus and lighting system having the same

ABSTRACT

A lighting apparatus including a controller including a real time clock, an LED driver, and an LED luminaire including a first light emitting unit including a first LED to emit light having a peak wavelength between 300 to 470 nm and a wavelength converter, and at least one of a second light emitting unit to emit light having a peak wavelength between 286 to 304 nm to cause production of vitamin D, a third light emitting unit to emit light having a peak wavelength between 605 to 935 nm to cause production of a cell activating substance, and a fourth light emitting unit to emit light having a peak wavelength between 400 to 430 nm to sterilize pathogenic microorganisms, in which the controller controls the LED driver to change an irradiance of light emitted from at least one of the light emitting units according to time.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application62/807,333, filed Feb. 19, 2019, which is hereby incorporated in itsentirety by reference for all purposes as set forth herein.

BACKGROUND Field

Exemplary embodiments of the invention relate generally to a lightingapparatus and a lighting system, and more particularly, to a lightingapparatus and a lighting system using a light emitting diode as a lightsource.

Discussion of the Background

As an inorganic light source, light emitting diodes have been used invarious fields including displays, vehicular lamps, general lighting,and the like. In particular, with various advantages such as longlifespan, low power consumption, and rapid response, light emittingdiodes have been replacing existing conventional light sources.

Sunlight exhibits a broad spectrum of wavelengths in the ultraviolet,visible, and infrared regions. The human body has survived by adaptingto sunlight, and accordingly, light over a broad wavelength range hasbeen utilized.

Unlike sunlight, general lighting is mainly limited to the visibleregion and does provide light in a wavelength range other than visiblelight. As such, ordinary people living under an illumination lightsource cannot absorb light having a wavelength that is beneficial to thehuman body other than visible light. For example, it is well known thatsunlight emits ultraviolet light necessary for vitamin D synthesis inthe human body. However, the illumination light source does not emitultraviolet light necessary for vitamin D synthesis, and, accordingly,people who work long hours under the illumination light source may bedeficient in vitamin D.

Meanwhile, smart lighting technologies have recently been developed. Forexample, a user may control color temperature and brightness of aluminaire in various modes by inputting a control signal from theoutside of the lighting apparatus using a remote controller, a mobileapp, a personal computer(PC), or a server. However, these smart lightingtechnologies require a software, such as the remote controller, themobile app, the personal computer (PC), or the server. As such, whenconnection between the software and the lighting apparatus is cut offdue to various reasons, such as power off of the software, there is aproblem in that various modes of the luminaire cannot be changed.

The above information disclosed in this Background section is only forunderstanding of the background of the inventive concepts, and,therefore, it may contain information that does not constitute priorart.

SUMMARY

Lighting apparatuses constructed according to exemplary embodiments ofthe invention are capable of providing at least one additional functiontogether with a general lighting function, and changing at least theadditional function according to time, and a lighting system having thesame.

Additional features of the inventive concepts will be set forth in thedescription which follows, and in part will be apparent from thedescription, or may be learned by practice of the inventive concepts.

A lighting apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment includes: acontroller including an RTC; an LED driver; and an LED luminaire, inwhich the LED luminaire includes a first light emitting unit emittinglight for illumination, the first light emitting unit including a firstlight emitting diode emitting light having a peak wavelength in a rangeof about 300 nm to about 470 nm and a wavelength converter; and at leastone of a second light emitting unit having a peak wavelength in a rangeof about 286 nm to about 304 nm and emitting light suitable for vitaminD production, a third light emitting unit having a peak wavelength in arange of about 605 nm to about 935 nm and emitting light suitable forproducing a cell activating substance, and a fourth light emitting unithaving a peak wavelength in a range of about 400 nm to about 430 nm andemitting light suitable for sterilizing pathogenic microorganisms, andthe controller controls the LED driver to change irradiance of lightemitted from the second light emitting unit, the third light emittingunit, or the fourth light emitting unit included in the LED luminaireaccording to time.

In addition to emitting light for illumination by the first lightemitting unit, the lighting apparatus may emit ultraviolet lightnecessary for vitamin D production, light suitable for producing thecell activating substance, or light suitable for sterilizing pathogenicmicroorganisms, and thus, it is possible to provide the lightingapparatus providing light beneficial to the human body, similar tosunlight. Furthermore, since the lighting apparatus emits light usingthe light emitting diode, the lighting apparatus according to anexemplary embodiment may emit light even in an ultraviolet region, whichis insufficient in sunlight, and may emit light more suitable forvitamin D production than sunlight.

Furthermore, since the controller including the RTC is placed in thelighting apparatus, it is possible for the lighting apparatus toautomatically control the luminaire according to a programmed scenariowithout an input signal through an external input device, such assoftware. As such, according to seasonal time, irradiance of ultravioletlight suitable for vitamin D production, light suitable for producingthe cell activating substance, or light suitable for sterilizingpathogenic microorganisms may be changed automatically according totime.

As used herein, the term sterilization may refer to killing or damaginga pathogenic microorganism to reduce or hinder the growth of thepathogenic microorganism.

In addition, the controller may drive the LED driver to change colortemperature of the LED luminaire to correspond to a change in colortemperature of sunlight. Accordingly, light emitting from the lightingapparatus may have a color temperature that changes in accordance tothat of sunlight during one cycle.

The lighting apparatus may further include a memory storing a scenariowith respect to a change in light intensity of the second light emittingunit, the third light emitting unit, or the fourth light emitting unitaccording to the seasonal time.

The controller may change irradiance of the second light emitting unit,the third light emitting unit, or the fourth light emitting unitaccording to the scenario stored in the memory.

The first light emitting unit may implement white light by the firstlight emitting diode and the wavelength converter.

The first light emitting diode may have a peak wavelength in a range ofabout 400 nm to about 430 nm. In addition, the wavelength converter mayinclude a blue phosphor, in which the white light may have a first peakby the first light emitting diode and a second peak by the bluephosphor, the first and second peaks being located at differentwavelengths from each other.

The wavelength converter may further include a green phosphor and a redphosphor.

The lighting apparatus may further include a plurality of first lightemitting units, and each of the first light emitting units may implementwhite light while having the same or different color temperatures witheach another.

The lighting apparatus may include a plurality of first light emittingunits, and white light may be implemented by a combination of the firstlight emitting units.

The second light emitting unit may emit ultraviolet light having a peakwavelength in a range of about 291 nm to about 301 nm. Ultraviolet lightin this range may synthesize vitamin D efficiently.

The second light emitting unit may be spaced apart from the wavelengthconverter. Light emitted from the second light emitting unit may beprevented from entering the wavelength converter, and thus, lightemitted from the second light emitting unit may be prevented from beingwavelength-converted. Accordingly, light loss due to the wavelengthconversion of light emitted from the second light emitting unit may beprevented. Furthermore, color temperature of the lighting apparatus maybe easily adjusted by preventing light emitted from the second lightemitting unit from being incident on the wavelength converter andemitting the wavelength-converted light.

The cell activating substance may be nitric oxide (NO) produced bycytochrome c oxidase activity in mitochondria. NO may improve the healthof the human body by affecting pain relief and improving bloodcirculation. Furthermore, light suitable for producing the cellactivating substance may be absorbed by the intracellular mitochondria,and thus, allows the mitochondria to produce more ATPs and enhancesmetabolism.

The wavelength converter may include a wavelength converting substanceconverting a wavelength into light having a peak wavelength in a rangeof about 685 nm to about 705 nm, about 790 nm to about 840 nm, or about875 nm to about 935 nm, and the LED luminaire may include the secondlight emitting unit or the fourth light emitting unit. When thewavelength converter emits light having the peak wavelength within theabove range, the first light emitting unit may emit light suitable forproducing a cell activating substance, and thus, the third lightemitting unit may be omitted.

The third light emitting unit may emit light having the peak wavelengthin the range of about 685 nm to about 705 nm, about 790 nm to about 840nm, or about 875 nm to about 935 nm.

In these wavelength ranges, an energy absorption rate of cytochrome coxidase is relatively higher. In particular, the cytochrome c oxidaseexhibits the highest absorption in the range of 790 nm to 840 nm, andfollowed by in the range of 875 nm to 935 nm.

The peak wavelength of light emitted from the fourth light emitting unitmay be the same as that of light emitted from the first light emittingdiode.

The peak wavelength of light emitted from the fourth light emitting unitmay be different from that of light emitted from the first lightemitting diode. In particular, the peak wavelength of light emitted fromthe fourth light emitting unit may be about 405 nm.

The lighting apparatus may further include a circuit board on which thefirst light emitting unit and at least one light emitting unit of thesecond to third light emitting units are mounted.

A lighting system according to another exemplary embodiment includes: alighting apparatus; and an electronic control unit to input a signalinto the lighting apparatus, in which the lighting apparatus includes: acontroller including an RTC; an LED driver; and an LED luminaireincluding a first light emitting unit emitting light for illumination,the first light emitting unit including a first light emitting diodeemitting light having a peak wavelength in a range of about 300 nm toabout 470 nm and a wavelength converter; and at least one of a secondlight emitting unit having a peak wavelength in a range of about 286 nmto about 304 nm and emitting light suitable for vitamin D production, athird light emitting unit having a peak wavelength in a range of about605 nm to about 935 nm and emitting light suitable for producing a cellactivating substance, and a fourth light emitting unit having a peakwavelength in a range of about 400 nm to about 430 nm and emitting lightsuitable for sterilizing pathogenic microorganisms, and the controllercontrols the LED driver to change irradiance of light emitted from thesecond light emitting unit, the third light emitting unit or the fourthlight emitting unit included in the LED luminaire according to time.

The electronic control unit may include a remote controller, a mobileapp, a PC or a server. The electronic control unit may be used to drivethe lighting apparatus in various modes.

The electronic control unit may communicate wirelessly with thecontroller, and a communication module may be embedded in the lightingapparatus. It is to be understood that both the foregoing generaldescription and the following detailed description are exemplary andexplanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of theinvention as claimed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a furtherunderstanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute apart of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of theinvention, and together with the description serve to explain theinventive concepts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a lighting systemaccording to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view illustrating a lighting apparatusaccording to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view illustrating a light emitting deviceaccording to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a light emittingunit according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a graph showing a degree of hazard according to wavelengths ofblue light.

FIG. 6 shows a spectrum of a white light source using a general bluelight emitting diode.

FIG. 7 illustrates spectra of white light sources according to exemplaryembodiments.

FIG. 8 is a graph showing effectiveness of vitamin D production in thehuman body according to wavelengths.

FIG. 9 is a graph showing effectiveness of cell function activityaccording to wavelengths.

FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a lightemitting unit according to another exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 11 is a schematic plan view illustrating a light emitting unitaccording to another exemplary embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, numerousspecific details are set forth in order to provide a thoroughunderstanding of various exemplary embodiments or implementations of theinvention. As used herein “embodiments” and “implementations” areinterchangeable words that are non-limiting examples of devices ormethods employing one or more of the inventive concepts disclosedherein. It is apparent, however, that various exemplary embodiments maybe practiced without these specific details or with one or moreequivalent arrangements. In other instances, well-known structures anddevices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid unnecessarilyobscuring various exemplary embodiments. Further, various exemplaryembodiments may be different, but do not have to be exclusive. Forexample, specific shapes, configurations, and characteristics of anexemplary embodiment may be used or implemented in another exemplaryembodiment without departing from the inventive concepts.

Unless otherwise specified, the illustrated exemplary embodiments are tobe understood as providing exemplary features of varying detail of someways in which the inventive concepts may be implemented in practice.Therefore, unless otherwise specified, the features, components,modules, layers, films, panels, regions, and/or aspects, etc.(hereinafter individually or collectively referred to as “elements”), ofthe various embodiments may be otherwise combined, separated,interchanged, and/or rearranged without departing from the inventiveconcepts.

The use of cross-hatching and/or shading in the accompanying drawings isgenerally provided to clarify boundaries between adjacent elements. Assuch, neither the presence nor the absence of cross-hatching or shadingconveys or indicates any preference or requirement for particularmaterials, material properties, dimensions, proportions, commonalitiesbetween illustrated elements, and/or any other characteristic,attribute, property, etc., of the elements, unless specified. Further,in the accompanying drawings, the size and relative sizes of elementsmay be exaggerated for clarity and/or descriptive purposes. When anexemplary embodiment may be implemented differently, a specific processorder may be performed differently from the described order. Forexample, two consecutively described processes may be performedsubstantially at the same time or performed in an order opposite to thedescribed order. Also, like reference numerals denote like elements.

When an element, such as a layer, is referred to as being “on,”“connected to,” or “coupled to” another element or layer, it may bedirectly on, connected to, or coupled to the other element or layer orintervening elements or layers may be present. When, however, an elementor layer is referred to as being “directly on,” “directly connected to,”or “directly coupled to” another element or layer, there are nointervening elements or layers present. To this end, the term“connected” may refer to physical, electrical, and/or fluid connection,with or without intervening elements. Further, the D1-axis, the D2-axis,and the D3-axis are not limited to three axes of a rectangularcoordinate system, such as the x, y, and z-axes, and may be interpretedin a broader sense. For example, the D1-axis, the D2-axis, and theD3-axis may be perpendicular to one another, or may represent differentdirections that are not perpendicular to one another. For the purposesof this disclosure, “at least one of X, Y, and Z” and “at least oneselected from the group consisting of X, Y, and Z” may be construed as Xonly, Y only, Z only, or any combination of two or more of X, Y, and Z,such as, for instance, XYZ, XYY, YZ, and ZZ. As used herein, the term“and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of theassociated listed items.

Although the terms “first,” “second,” etc. may be used herein todescribe various types of elements, these elements should not be limitedby these terms. These terms are used to distinguish one element fromanother element. Thus, a first element discussed below could be termed asecond element without departing from the teachings of the disclosure.

Spatially relative terms, such as “beneath,” “below,” “under,” “lower,”“above,” “upper,” “over,” “higher,” “side” (e.g., as in “sidewall”), andthe like, may be used herein for descriptive purposes, and, thereby, todescribe one elements relationship to another element(s) as illustratedin the drawings. Spatially relative terms are intended to encompassdifferent orientations of an apparatus in use, operation, and/ormanufacture in addition to the orientation depicted in the drawings. Forexample, if the apparatus in the drawings is turned over, elementsdescribed as “below” or “beneath” other elements or features would thenbe oriented “above” the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplaryterm “below” can encompass both an orientation of above and below.Furthermore, the apparatus may be otherwise oriented (e.g., rotated 90degrees or at other orientations), and, as such, the spatially relativedescriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particularembodiments and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, thesingular forms, “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the pluralforms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Moreover,the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,” and/or “including,”when used in this specification, specify the presence of statedfeatures, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/orgroups thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one ormore other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components,and/or groups thereof. It is also noted that, as used herein, the terms“substantially,” “about,” and other similar terms, are used as terms ofapproximation and not as terms of degree, and, as such, are utilized toaccount for inherent deviations in measured, calculated, and/or providedvalues that would be recognized by one of ordinary skill in the art.

Various exemplary embodiments are described herein with reference tosectional and/or exploded illustrations that are schematic illustrationsof idealized exemplary embodiments and/or intermediate structures. Assuch, variations from the shapes of the illustrations as a result, forexample, of manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances, are to beexpected. Thus, exemplary embodiments disclosed herein should notnecessarily be construed as limited to the particular illustrated shapesof regions, but are to include deviations in shapes that result from,for instance, manufacturing. In this manner, regions illustrated in thedrawings may be schematic in nature and the shapes of these regions maynot reflect actual shapes of regions of a device and, as such, are notnecessarily intended to be limiting.

As is customary in the field, some exemplary embodiments are describedand illustrated in the accompanying drawings in terms of functionalblocks, units, and/or modules. Those skilled in the art will appreciatethat these blocks, units, and/or modules are physically implemented byelectronic (or optical) circuits, such as logic circuits, discretecomponents, microprocessors, hard-wired circuits, memory elements,wiring connections, and the like, which may be formed usingsemiconductor-based fabrication techniques or other manufacturingtechnologies. In the case of the blocks, units, and/or modules beingimplemented by microprocessors or other similar hardware, they may beprogrammed and controlled using software (e.g., microcode) to performvarious functions discussed herein and may optionally be driven byfirmware and/or software. It is also contemplated that each block, unit,and/or module may be implemented by dedicated hardware, or as acombination of dedicated hardware to perform some functions and aprocessor (e.g., one or more programmed microprocessors and associatedcircuitry) to perform other functions. Also, each block, unit, and/ormodule of some exemplary embodiments may be physically separated intotwo or more interacting and discrete blocks, units, and/or moduleswithout departing from the scope of the inventive concepts. Further, theblocks, units, and/or modules of some exemplary embodiments may bephysically combined into more complex blocks, units, and/or moduleswithout departing from the scope of the inventive concepts.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientificterms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by oneof ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure is a part. Terms,such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should beinterpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning inthe context of the relevant art and should not be interpreted in anidealized or overly formal sense, unless expressly so defined herein.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments will be described in detail withreference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a lighting systemaccording to an exemplary embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 1, the lighting system 1000 according to theillustrated exemplary embodiment may include a lighting apparatus 1100and a software 1200 for operating the lighting apparatus 1100.

The lighting apparatus 1100 includes a controller 1110, an LED driver1130, an LED luminaire 1150, and a memory 1170. The software 1200 mayinclude an electronic control unit, such as a remote controller 1210, amobile app 1230, and a personal computer or server 1250. The software1200 and the lighting apparatus 1100 may communicate with each otherthrough a wired or wireless communication module.

The LED luminaire 1150 includes a light emitting device having aplurality of light emitting units. The LED luminaire 1150 may include ageneral LED luminaire, and may implement light of various colortemperatures. The LED luminaire 1150 may have an additional function inaddition to a general lighting function. The additional function relatesto, for example, emitting ultraviolet light for vitamin D synthesis,emitting light with a sterilizing function, or emitting red or infraredlight for cell activation. To this end, the light emitting device mayinclude a light emitting unit emitting ultraviolet light suitable forvitamin D synthesis, a light emitting unit emitting violet visiblelight, and/or a light emitting unit emitting infrared light. A detailedconfiguration of the light emitting device will be described in moredetail later with reference to FIG. 3.

The software 1200 transmits a signal for operating the lightingapparatus 1100, and the controller 1110 receives the signal transmittedfrom the software 1200 to drive the LED driver 1130. Accordingly, theLED driver 1130 operates the light emitting units in the LED luminaire1150 to irradiate light for illumination, and also operates the lightemitting units to perform additional functions. The LED driver 1130 maydrive the light emitting units by dimming using a pulse width modulationmethod.

In addition, the software 1200 may transmit a signal to change a mode ofthe LED luminaire 1150. For example, the software 1200 may set a mode,in which the LED luminaire 1150 changes color temperature or performsadditional functions according to the change of sunlight, or may set auser-specified mode for a change in color temperature and a change inadditional function according to time.

For example, the remote controller 1210 transmits an input signal, andthe controller 1110 receiving the signal through a wirelesscommunication module may drive the LED driver 1130 according to a mode,which is set according to the input signal of the remote controller1210. The signal may be transmitted through the mobile app 1230, or maybe transmitted through the PC or the server 1250.

When the user inputs the control signal using the remote controller1210, the mobile app 1230, the server 1250, or the like from the outsideof the lighting apparatus 1100 to adjust color temperature andbrightness of the LED luminaire 1150, the user may set the mode foradjusting color temperature and brightness of the LED luminaire 1150, orfor adjusting additional functions of the LED luminaire 1150.

While the mode of the LED luminaire 1150 may be changed through thesoftware 1200, in some exemplary embodiments, the user may directlychange various modes of the LED luminaire 1150 by adjusting a switchconnected to the controller 1110 by a wire, or a sensor may be installedin the LED luminaire 1150 to change the mode of the LED luminaire 1150through the sensor.

The controller 1110 includes a real time clock (RTC). The RTC may beincluded in the controller 1110 in a form of an integrated circuit.Since the controller 1110 includes the RTC, the controller 1110 maycontrol the LED luminaire 1150 according to a schedule without receivingthe signal from the outside according to the set mode.

For example, color temperature and brightness of sunlight according toseasonal time, intensity of ultraviolet light, intensity of infraredlight, or the like may be stored in the memory 1170, and the controller1110 may control the light emitting device in the LED luminaire 1150 toemit light similar to sunlight according to the seasonal time using theRTC. Accordingly, the LED luminaire 1150 may illuminate an interiorspace while changing the spectrum of light emitted from the lightemitting device according to the spectrum change of sunlight during thedaytime.

The memory 1170 may also store a scenario, such as color temperature andbrightness of sunlight, intensity of ultraviolet light, and intensity ofinfrared light according to a predetermined time, and the controller 110may control the light emitting device in the LED luminaire 1150 usingthe RTC according to the scenario stored in the memory 1170.

FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view illustrating a lighting apparatusaccording to an exemplary embodiment, FIG. 3 is a schematic plan viewillustrating a light emitting device according to an exemplaryembodiment, and FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustratinga light emitting unit according to an exemplary embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 2, the lighting apparatus 1300 has an LED luminaire1150. The LED luminaire 1150 defines an appearance of lighting apparatus1300. The LED luminaire 1150 may be a panel luminaire, but is notlimited thereto, and may be a tube or lamp luminaire in some exemplaryembodiments. The lighting apparatus 1300 may be used for general homeuse or for office use. The controller 1110, the LED driver 1130, and thememory 1170 described with reference to FIG. 1 may be mounted inside theLED luminaire 1150.

The LED luminaire 1150 includes a light emitting device 100 shown inFIG. 3. The light emitting device 100 may include light emitting units121, 123, 125, and 127 mounted on a circuit board 111. Each of the lightemitting units 121, 123, 125, and 127 may include a light emittingdiode, and a configuration of each of the light emitting units will bedescribed in detail later.

The circuit board 111 may have a circuit pattern for supplying power tothe first to fourth light emitting units 121, 123, 125, and 127. Thecircuit board 111 may be a printed circuit board, for example, ametal-PCB. The circuit board 111 and the first to fourth light emittingunits 121, 123, 125, and 127 mounted thereon may be disposed in thelighting apparatus 1300 as a light emitting module.

At least one first light emitting unit 121 may be mounted on the circuitboard 111, as a light source for implementing white light. Asillustrated in FIG. 4, the first light emitting unit 121 may include afirst light emitting diode 21 and a wavelength converter 31. The firstlight emitting diode 21 is, for example, an inorganic light emittingdiode formed using a group III nitride semiconductor, such as anAlGaInN-based semiconductor, without being limited thereto. The firstlight emitting diode 21 may be a light emitting diode chip well-known inthe art, and it is not limited to a particular structure, such as a flipchip type, a vertical type, or a lateral type.

A plurality of first light emitting diodes 21 may be electricallyconnected to one another in various ways, for example, may be connectedin series, in parallel, or in series-parallel. The plurality of firstlight emitting diodes 21 may be disposed in various ways according tothe lighting apparatus. For example, the plurality of first lightemitting diodes 21 may be disposed in two dimensions for a surfacelighting apparatus, or the first light emitting diodes 21 may bedisposed along a line for a tubular lighting apparatus.

The first light emitting diode 21 may emit ultraviolet light or visiblelight, and may emit light have a peak wavelength in a range of about 300nm to about 470 nm, for example. In particular, the first light emittingdiode 21 may have a peak wavelength in a range of about 400 nm to about430 nm. When the first light emitting diode 21 emits ultraviolet light,most of the ultraviolet light is wavelength-converted by the wavelengthconverter 31, thereby preventing the ultraviolet light from beingemitted from the first light emitting diode 21 to the outside.Furthermore, when the first light emitting diode 21 emits light havingthe peak wavelength in the range of 400 nm to 430 nm, the safety problemthat may be caused by ultraviolet light may be eliminated in advance.Furthermore, when using the first light emitting diode emitting lighthaving the peak wavelength in the range of about 400 nm to about 430 nm,the energy loss due to the wavelength conversion may be reduced comparedto the ultraviolet light, and eye diseases or skin diseases caused byblue light may be prevented. This will be described in more detail laterwith reference to FIG. 5.

The wavelength converter 31 converts a wavelength of light emitted fromthe first light emitting diode 21. The wavelength converter 31 may be,for example, a resin layer including a phosphor or a quantum dot. Eachof the wavelength converters 31 may cover the first light emittingdiodes 21, without being limited thereto. In some exemplary embodiments,a single wavelength converter 31 may cover each of the plurality offirst light emitting diodes 21.

The wavelength converter 31 includes a wavelength converting substancefor implementing white light together with light from the first lightemitting diode 21. In one exemplary embodiment, the wavelength converter31 may include a blue phosphor, a green phosphor, and a red phosphor. Inanother exemplary embodiment, the wavelength converter 31 may include ablue phosphor and an orange phosphor. In another exemplary embodiment,when the first light emitting diode 21 is a blue light emitting diode,the wavelength converter 31, without a blue phosphor, may include agreen phosphor and a red phosphor or an orange phosphor. In anotherexemplary embodiment, the wavelength converter 31 may include quantumdots instead of, or in addition to the phosphor.

Blue phosphor may include a BAM-based, a halo-phosphate-based, or analuminate-based phosphor, and may include, for example,BaMgAl₁₀O₁₇:Mn²⁺, BaMgAl₁₂O₁₉:Mn²⁺ or (Sr,Ca,Ba)PO₄Cl:Eu²⁺. The bluephosphor may have, for example, a peak wavelength in a range of 440 nmto 500 nm.

Green phosphor may include LuAG(Lu₃(Al,Gd)₅O₁₂:Ce³⁺),YAG(Y₃(Al,Gd)₅O₁₂:Ce³⁺), Ga-LuAG((Lu,Ga)₃(Al,Gd)₅O₁₂:Ce³⁺), Ga-YAG((Ga,Y)₃(Al,Gd)₅O₁₂:Ce³⁺), LuYAG ((Lu,Y)₃(Al,Gd)₅O₁₂:Ce³⁺),ortho-silicate ((Sr,Ba,Ca,Mg)₂SiO₄:Eu²⁺), oxynitride((Ba,Sr,Ca)Si₂O₂N₂:Eu²⁺), β-SiAlON:Eu²⁺, Ca-α-SiAlON:Eu²⁺, or thiogallate (SrGa₂S₄:Eu²⁺). The green phosphor may have a peak wavelength ina range of 500 nm to 600 nm.

Red phosphor may include a nitride-based, a sulfide-based, a fluoride oran oxynitride-based phosphor, and, specifically, may includeCASN(CaAlSiN₃:Eu²⁺), (Ba,Sr,Ca)₂Si₅N₈:Eu²⁺, (Ca,Sr)S₂:Eu²⁺, or(Sr,Ca)₂SiS₄:Eu²⁺. The red phosphor may have a peak wavelength in arange of 600 nm to 700 nm.

White light having various color temperatures may be implemented by acombination of the first light emitting diode 21 and the wavelengthconverter 31.

Meanwhile, as described above, blue light is known to cause the eyediseases and skin diseases. FIG. 5 is a graph showing a degree of hazardaccording to wavelengths of blue light.

Referring to FIG. 5, the highest degree of hazard is exhibited in awavelength range between 430 nm and 440 nm. A wavelength range of 420 nmto 455 nm exhibits 90% or more degree of hazard based on the highesthazard value, and a wavelength rage of 413 nm to 465 nm exhibits 70% ormore degree of hazard, and a wavelength range of 411 nm to 476 nmexhibits 50% or more degree of hazard. Meanwhile, ultraviolet lightharms the human body and, in particular, exhibits the highest degree ofhazard between 270 nm and 280 nm.

FIG. 6 shows a spectrum of a white light source using a general bluelight emitting diode 21.

Referring to FIG. 6, in general, the white light source may implementwhite light using a yellow phosphor, or a green phosphor and a redphosphor, together with the blue light emitting diode. A type ofphosphor and an amount of phosphor are controlled according to a colortemperature, and an intensity of the blue light increases as colortemperature increases.

The blue light emitting diode used in the white light source generallyhas a peak wavelength in a range of about 430 nm to about 470 nm. Bluelight in this range has a relatively high degree of hazard as shown inFIG. 5. Therefore, as the color temperature of the white light sourceincreases, the intensity of the blue light increases, thereby increasingthe hazard of causing the eye diseases or skin diseases.

Meanwhile, FIG. 7 illustrates spectra of white light sources accordingto exemplary embodiments. In particular, FIG. 7 exemplarily shows thespectrum of white light of various color temperatures implemented by acombination of a violet light emitting diode 21 and a wavelengthconverter 31.

Referring to FIG. 7, white light of each color temperature isimplemented by a combination of light emitted from phosphors and lightemitted from the violet light emitting diode 21 having a peak wavelengthin a range of about 400 nm to about 430 nm.

In this case, the wavelength converter 31 includes a blue phosphor, andfurther includes a green phosphor and a red phosphor. These phosphorsabsorb light emitted from the violet light emitting diode 21 and emitblue light, green light, and red light.

White light of various color temperatures shown in FIG. 7 has a peak dueto the violet light emitting diode 21 and a peak due to the bluephosphor. These peaks are especially distinct as the color temperaturebecomes higher. The peak due to the violet light emitting diode 21 andthe peak due to the blue phosphor are located at different wavelengthsfrom each other. In particular, since the blue phosphor converts awavelength of light emitted from the violet light emitting diode 21 intoa longer wavelength, the peak by the blue phosphor is located at alonger wavelength than that of the peak by the violet light emittingdiode 21.

In addition, irradiance of light emitted from the light emitting diode21 at all color temperatures may be less than that of light emitted fromthe blue phosphor. As the color temperature increases, although theirradiance of light emitted from the light emitting diode 21 alsoincreases, irradiance of blue light emitted from the blue phosphorincreases to a greater extent. In addition, the irradiance of lightemitted from the light emitting diode 21 may be less than that of lightemitted from the green phosphor, and may be less than that of lightemitted from the red phosphor.

Accordingly, the lighting apparatus may further prevent the occurrenceof eye diseases or skin diseases caused by light emitted from the firstlight emitting diode 21. However, as described above, since thewavelength in about 400 nm to about 430 nm range has a relatively lowhazard to the human body, the irradiance thereof may be furtherincreased.

Further, light emitted from the light emitting diode 21 having the peakwavelength in the range of about 400 nm to about 430 nm may have asterilizing function. As such, the light emitting diode 21 may emitlight having a peak wavelength of about 400 nm to about 410 nm, and moreparticularly, a peak wavelength of about 405 nm. Short wavelengthvisible light in the range of about 400 nm to about 430 nm has arelatively low hazard to eye diseases or skin diseases, and has a highsterilizing capacity against pathogenic microorganisms, and thus, theshort wavelength visible light may be suitably used for the lightingapparatus to perform the sterilizing function.

Referring back to FIG. 3, the second light emitting unit 123 may includean ultraviolet light emitting diode emitting ultraviolet light of UVB.The ultraviolet light emitting diode may emit light having a peakwavelength, specifically in a range of about 286 nm to about 304 nm,more specifically in a range of about 291 nm to about 301 nm. Whenultraviolet light in this range is irradiated to the human body, vitaminD may be efficiently synthesized. The ultraviolet light emitting diodeis, for example, an inorganic light emitting diode formed using a groupIII nitride semiconductor, without being limited thereto. Theultraviolet light emitting diode may be a light emitting diode chipwell-known in the art, and is not limited to a particular structure,such as a flip chip type, a vertical type or a horizontal type.

The ultraviolet light emitting diode of the second light emitting unit123, unlike the first light emitting unit 121, may not include awavelength converter for converting a wavelength of light emitted fromthe ultraviolet light emitting diode. The second light emitting unit 123may be spaced apart from the wavelength converter 31 of the first lightemitting unit 121, and thus, light emitted from the ultraviolet lightemitting diode may be prevented from being absorbed by the wavelengthconverter 31. Accordingly, irradiance of light emitted from the secondlight emitting unit 123 may be improved. Furthermore, the second lightemitting unit 123 is spaced apart from the wavelength converter 31, andthus, it is possible to prevent wavelength conversion of light emittedfrom the ultraviolet light emitting diode, thereby preventing energyloss due to the stoke shift. However, the inventive concepts are notlimited thereto, and in some exemplary embodiments, the second lightemitting unit 123 may include a wavelength converter, or may be disposedin the wavelength converter 31 of the first light emitting unit 121.

Meanwhile, ultraviolet light emitted to the outside may be used for thesynthesis of vitamin D. It is well-known in the art that7-dehydrocholesterol in skin cells reacts with UVB to synthesizeCholecalciferol (vitamin D3). FIG. 8 is a graph showing effectiveness ofvitamin D production in the human body according to wavelengths, aspublished in CIE 174:2006.

Referring to FIG. 8, ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 298 nm ismost efficient for vitamin D production, and a wavelength in a range ofabout 291 nm to about 301 nm exhibits an efficiency of about 90% ormore, compared to the highest efficiency. In addition, ultraviolet lighthaving a wavelength in a range of about 286 nm to about 304 nm exhibitsabout 70% or more efficiency compared to the highest efficiency, and awavelength in a range of about 281 nm to about 306 nm exhibits about 50%or more efficiency compared to the highest efficiency. When a peakwavelength of the light emitting diode 23 is 298 nm, it is mostefficient for vitamin D production, and, when is within the range ofabout 286 nm to about 304 nm, it will exhibit a relatively favorableefficiency of 70% or more for vitamin D production.

Vitamin D is involved in calcium metabolism, and a deficiency of vitaminD causes a major impediment to bone growth. Although a recommended dailydose of vitamin D varies from country to country, daily dosage tomaintain an adequate level of vitamin D is generally suggested to be ina range of 400 IU to 800 IU, and has been adjusted upward. For example,the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) suggests the UVBexposure required to produce 1000 IU of vitamin D, which is about 21J/m² to about 34 J/m², for the entire body of the second skin type basedon the sunlight at noon in midsummer. Meanwhile, a reference dose forthe human exposure safety range for UVB provided by the AmericanConference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) is 47 J/m² for290 nm, about 65 J/m² for 297 nm, and 100 J/m² for 300 nm.

As such, a dose of UVB irradiated by the lighting apparatus may beadjusted, so that it may be used for vitamin D synthesis in a range notexceeding the safety range. Because a daily permissible reference doseincreases as the wavelength increases even in the ultraviolet region ofUVB, the peak wavelength of the second light emitting diode 23 may beirradiated with more ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 298 nm orlonger, for example, 298 nm to 301 nm, and thus, it is more suitable forthe lighting apparatus having the vitamin D synthesis function.

The second light emitting unit 123 may be driven independently from thefirst light emitting unit 121, and thus, may be turned on or off asneeded while the first light emitting unit 121 is operating. Inparticular, as described with reference to FIG. 1, an intensity ofultraviolet light emitted from the first light emitting unit 121 may beautomatically adjusted according to time by the controller 1110including the RTC. For example, the second light emitting unit 123 mayirradiate ultraviolet light in response to a change of the ultravioletlight intensity in sunlight during a day, or may automatically changethe ultraviolet light intensity according to a value preset by a userwithout external input.

A third light emitting unit 125 emits red light or infrared lightsuitable for cell activation. The third light emitting unit 125 may bemounted on the circuit board 111 spaced apart from the wavelengthconverter 31 of the first light emitting unit 121. Light emitted fromthe third light emitting unit 125 may be emitted to the outside withoutsubstantially entering the wavelength converter 31. Accordingly, lightemitted from the third light emitting unit 125 may be prevented frombeing absorbed by the wavelength converter 31.

The third light emitting unit 125 may include, for example, a lightemitting diode formed of an AlGaInP-based or AlGaInAs-basedsemiconductor. In this case, the third light emitting unit 125 may emitlight of a desired wavelength without a separate wavelength converter.In another exemplary embodiment, the third light emitting unit 125 mayinclude a light emitting diode formed of an AlGaInN-based semiconductor,and a wavelength converter for converting wavelengths into red light orinfrared light. For example, the AlGaInN-based light emitting diode mayemit ultraviolet light or blue light, and the wavelength converter mayconvert ultraviolet light or blue light into red light or infraredlight. In this case, the wavelength converter may include the redphosphor or the quantum dot as described above. In particular, quantumdots may convert ultraviolet light or blue light into red or infraredlight having a narrow half-width, and thus, it is suitable for emittinglight of a specific target wavelength.

The third light emitting unit 125 may be connected in series or inparallel to the first light emitting unit 121, or may be drivenindependently from the first light emitting unit 121.

Light suitable for cell activation has a peak wavelength, for example,in a range of about 605 nm to about 935 nm. Red light or near infraredlight in the range of about 605 nm to about 935 nm produces a cellactivating substance in the mitochondria. More particularly, thecytochrome c oxidase in the mitochondria absorbs light in the range of605 nm to 935 nm as a photoreceptor to increase its activity, and,accordingly, produces nitric oxide (NO). NO improves human health byaffecting pain relief and improving blood circulation. In addition, theactivity of the cytochrome c oxidase protein contributes to ATPproduction, and also affects cell damage treatment.

In particular, the third light emitting unit 125 may emit light having apeak wavelength in a range of about 605 nm to about 655 nm, about 685 nmto about 705 nm, about 790 nm to about 840 nm, or about 875 nm to about935 nm. In this range, the energy absorption rate of cytochrome coxidase is relatively high. More particularly, the energy absorptionrate of cytochrome c oxidase, as shown in FIG. 9, exhibits the highestabsorption in the range of 790 nm to 840 nm, followed by the range ofabout 875 nm to about 935 nm, and then the range of about 605 nm toabout 655 nm.

In this manner, the light emitting diode or the wavelength converteremits light having a wavelength that causes high energy absorption ofcytochrome c oxidase, and thus, the efficiency of health promotion maybe improved.

Further, when a plurality of third light emitting units 125 are used,light emitting diodes emitting light in a specific wavelength rangedescribed above, for example, in the range of 790 nm to 840 nm, or 875nm to 935 nm having the high efficiency may be used in plural, andvarious light emitting diodes may be used to evenly emit light in eachwavelength range.

In addition, when the third light emitting unit 125 emits light in therange of 605 nm to 655 nm, it may affect color temperature of whitelight emitted from the first light emitting units 121. In this case,color temperature of light emitted from the lighting apparatus iscontrolled by controlling light emitting from each of the first lightemitting unit 121 and the third light emitting unit 125. Meanwhile, notto affect color temperature of the lighting apparatus, the third lightemitting units 125 emitting light having a peak wavelength in a lowvisibility range, such as in the range of about 685 nm to about 705 nm,about 790 nm to about 840 nm, or about 875 nm to about 935 nm may bemainly used.

In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, to add a cell activatingfunction to the lighting apparatus, irradiance of light emitted from thethird light emitting unit 125 may be greater than that from the firstlight emitting units 121 implementing white light at the samewavelength. As such, in the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the cellactivating function is mainly performed by the third light emitting unit125.

Although a driving time of the third light emitting unit 125 and that ofthe first light emitting unit 121 may be the same, the inventiveconcepts are not limited thereto. In some exemplary embodiments, thedriving time of the third light emitting unit 125 may be adjustedaccording to an installation location of the lighting apparatus.Furthermore, irradiance of light emitted from the third light emittingunit 125 may be automatically adjusted according to time by thecontroller 1110, as described above with reference to FIG. 1.

A use time or the amount of irradiance of the third light emitting unit125 may be adjusted in consideration of the risk to the human body. Forexample, irradiance of the third light emitting unit 125 emitted fromthe lighting apparatus may be 570 W/m² or less, and further, may be 100W/m² or less. 570 W/m² represents a limit value of risk group 1 forlight in the infrared range in the Photobiological Safety Standard (IEC62471), and 100 W/m² corresponds to an exempt. The lighting apparatushas the radiance of 570 W/m² or less, and thus, the lighting apparatusmay be driven to produce a cell activating substance without harming thehuman body for a relatively long period of time.

The lighting apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment may be usedto promote the health of the human body not only in the indoor livingspace but also in a space where a large number of people are active,such as an airport or a hospital.

A fourth light emitting unit 127 emits light suitable for sterilizingpathogenic microorganisms. The fourth light emitting unit 127 may bemounted on the circuit board 111 and be spaced apart from the wavelengthconverter 31 of the first light emitting unit 121. Light emitted fromthe fourth light emitting unit 127 may be emitted to the outside withoutactually entering the wavelength converter 31. Accordingly, irradianceof light emitted from the fourth light emitting unit 127 may beimproved.

The fourth light emitting unit 127 may be connected to the first lightemitting unit 121 in series or in parallel, or may be drivenindependently from the first light emitting unit 121.

The fourth light emitting unit 127 may include, for example, a lightemitting diode that emits light having a peak wavelength of about 400 nmto about 430 nm, a peak wavelength of about 400 nm to about 410 nm, ormore particularly, a peak wavelength of about 405 nm. The wavelength ofabout 405 nm is absorbed by porphyrin, a substance present in the cellsof bacteria, to generate reactive oxygens. The generated reactiveoxygens may be accumulated to destroy cell walls, thereby causingsterilization. As such, the wavelength in the visible range describedabove is suitable for sterilizing pathogenic microorganisms withoutcausing eye diseases or skin diseases.

Although the light emitting diode of the fourth light emitting unit 127may emit light having the same wavelength as that of the first lightemitting unit 121, the inventive concepts are not limited thereto, andin some exemplary embodiments, the light emitting diode of the fourthlight emitting unit 127 may emit light having a wavelength differentfrom that of the first light emitting unit 121. In particular, unlikethe first light emitting unit 121, the fourth light emitting unit 127may not include a wavelength converter. The fourth light emitting unit127 is disposed separately from the first light emitting unit 121, andthus, the sterilizing function may be efficiently provided. However,when the first light emitting unit 121 emits light suitable for thesterilizing function in some exemplary embodiments, the fourth lightemitting unit 127 may be omitted.

In order to add the sterilizing function to the lighting apparatusaccording to the illustrated exemplary embodiment, irradiance of lightemitted from the fourth light emitting unit 127 may be greater than thatof the first light emitting unit 121 at the same wavelength.Furthermore, irradiance of light emitted from the fourth light emittingunit 127 may be greater than that of light emitted from the first lightemitting unit 121 to the outside of the lighting apparatus. Accordingly,in the lighting apparatus according to the illustrated exemplaryembodiment, the sterilizing function is mainly performed by the fourthlight emitting unit 127 as compared with the first light emitting unit121.

Although a driving time of the fourth light emitting unit 127 and thatof the first light emitting unit 121 may be the same, the inventiveconcepts are not limited thereto. In some exemplary embodiments, thedriving time of the fourth light emitting unit 127 may be adjustedaccording to an installation location of the lighting apparatus. Inparticular, a use time or the amount of irradiance of the fourth lightemitting unit 127 may be adjusted in consideration of the risk to thehuman body.

For example, irradiance of the fourth light emitting unit 127 emittedfrom the lighting apparatus may be 1 W/m² or less, and in some exemplaryembodiments, may be 0.1 W/m² or less. 1 W/m² represents a limit value ofrisk group 1 for blue light in a range 300 nm to 700 nm in thePhotobiological Safety Standard (IEC 62471), and 0.1 W/m² corresponds toan exempt. The lighting apparatus has the radiance of 1 W/m² or less,and thus the lighting apparatus may be driven to sterilize for arelatively long period of time in the lighting apparatus.

According to an exemplary embodiment, pathogenic microorganisms may besterilized not only in the indoor living space but also in a space wherea large number of people work, such as an airport or a hospital, therebypreventing human infection by pathogenic microorganisms.

In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, at least one of the first tofourth light emitting units 121, 123, 125, and 127 may be disposed onthe circuit board 111, respectively. In particular, the first lightemitting unit 121 may be disposed more than other light emitting unitsin consideration of the intensity of light for illumination.

Although the light emitting device has been described as including eachof the first to fourth light emitting units 121, 123, 125, and 127disposed on the circuit board 111, however, the inventive concepts arenot limited thereto. For example, a light emitting unit according toanother exemplary embodiment may perform at least one additionalfunction together with the illumination function by the first lightemitting unit 121, and, in this case, one or two of the second to fourthlight emitting units 123, 125, and 127 may be omitted. For example, thefirst and second light emitting units 121 and 123, the first and thirdlight emitting units 121 and 125, or the first and fourth light emittingunits 121 and 127 may be disposed on the circuit board 111, or the firstto third light emitting units 121, 123, and 125, the first, the second,and the fourth light emitting units 121, 123, and 127, or the first, thethird, and the fourth light emitting units 121, 125, and 127 may bedisposed on the circuit board 111.

In addition, although the light emitting units of the same kind areillustrated as being disposed in the same row, the inventive conceptsare not limited thereto. For example, in some exemplary embodiments, thesame kind of light emitting units may be arranged to be spaced apartfrom each other.

In an exemplary embodiment, when the first light emitting unit 121 isused as a light source for illumination and emits light suitable for thesterilizing function, the fourth light emitting unit 127 may be omitted.In addition, when the first light emitting unit 121 includes a phosphoror a quantum dot for emitting light suitable for cell activation whilebeing used as the light source for illumination, the third lightemitting unit 125 may be omitted. Further, when the first light emittingunit 121 emits ultraviolet light suitable for the synthesis of vitamin Dwhile being used as the light source for illumination, the second lightemitting unit 123 may be omitted.

Further, each of the first light emitting units 121 is described asemitting white light, but the inventive concepts are not limitedthereto. In some exemplary embodiments, a plurality of first lightemitting units 121 may be combined to implement white light. Forexample, the first light emitting units 121 may include light emittingunits having a high color temperature and light emitting units having alow color temperature, and color temperature of the lighting apparatusmay be adjusted by adjusting light emitted from these light emittingunits. In addition, in other exemplary embodiments, an individual firstlight emitting unit 121 may not implement white light, but white lightmay be implemented by a combination of at least two first light emittingunits 121.

Driving of the first to fourth light emitting units 121, 123, 125, and127 may be controlled according to time using the controller includingthe RTC as described with reference to FIG. 1, and information necessaryfor the control may be stored in the memory 1170. For example, thememory 1170 may store a spectral distribution of sunlight according totime during the seasonal day, and the controller 1110 may drive thefirst to fourth light emitting units 121, 123, 125, and 127 to implementlight corresponding to the spectral distribution according to theseasonal time of sunlight stored in the memory 1170. In anotherexemplary embodiment, a user may preset the spectral distributionaccording to the seasonal time, and the controller 1110 may drive thefirst to fourth light emitting units 121, 123, 125, and 127 according tothe set spectrum distribution change.

FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a lightemitting unit 121 according to another exemplary embodiment. FIG. 10schematically shows the light emitting unit 121 in a package form.

Referring to FIG. 10, the light emitting unit 121 includes a lightemitting diode 21 and a wavelength converter 131. The light emittingdiode 21 may be mounted in a cavity of a housing 20, and the wavelengthconverter 131 covers the light emitting diode 21 in the cavity. Thelight emitting diode 21 may be electrically connected to lead electrodesthrough bonding wires.

The package form of the light emitting unit 121 shown in FIG. 10 isexemplarily, and in other exemplary embodiments, various kinds ofpackages may be used. In addition, the wavelength converter 131 maycover the light emitting diode 21 in various shapes.

The second light emitting unit 123, the third light emitting unit 125,and the fourth light emitting unit 127 may also be provided in the formof the package, as in the first light emitting unit 121, and mounted onthe circuit board 111. However, these light emitting units 123, 125, and127 may not include the wavelength converter 131.

FIG. 11 is a schematic plan view illustrating a light emitting unitaccording to another exemplary embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 11, in the light emitting unit according to theillustrated exemplary embodiment, the first light emitting unit 121, thesecond light emitting unit 123, and the third light emitting unit 125may be collectively mounted as a single package. More particularly, thelight emitting diode package of FIG. 10 includes a single light emittingdiode, however, the light emitting diode package according to theillustrated exemplary embodiment includes at least one of the second andthird light emitting units 123 and 125 together with the first lightemitting unit 121.

A molding member 130 may fill a cavity to cover the light emitting units121, 123, and 125. The molding member 130 may be formed of, for example,a transparent resin, such as silicone resin, or transparent glass. Insome exemplary embodiments, the molding member 130 may include awavelength converting substance.

According to the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the light emittingdiode package including the first to third light emitting units may bemounted on the circuit board 111. In some exemplary embodiments, thelight emitting diode package may further include the fourth lightemitting unit 127 described above.

A plurality of light emitting diode packages may be mounted on thecircuit board 111, and these light emitting diode packages may have thesame structure, without being limited thereto. For example, in someexemplary embodiments, light emitting diode packages having the samemultiple additional functions may be disposed on the circuit board 111,or light emitting diode packages having different additional functionsmay be disposed on the circuit board 111, thereby providing the lightingapparatus having multiple additional functions. In addition, although anindividual LED package may implement white light, in some exemplaryembodiments, white light may be implemented by a combination of aplurality of LED packages.

The lighting apparatus according to exemplary embodiments may beinstalled not only in an indoor living space but also in an indoor spaceused by a plurality of people, such as a hospital or an airport. Assuch, a lighting system may include the lighting apparatus according tothe exemplary embodiments. In this manner, this lighting system mayoperate to perform the additional functions described above along with alighting function on a daily basis.

Although certain exemplary embodiments and implementations have beendescribed herein, other embodiments and modifications will be apparentfrom this description. Accordingly, the inventive concepts are notlimited to such embodiments, but rather to the broader scope of theappended claims and various obvious modifications and equivalentarrangements as would be apparent to a person of ordinary skill in theart

What is claimed is:
 1. A lighting apparatus, comprising: a controllerincluding a real time clock (RTC); an LED driver; and an LED luminairecomprising: a first light emitting unit emitting light for generallighting, the first light emitting unit including a first light emittingdiode configured to emit light having a peak wavelength in a range ofabout 300 nm to about 470 nm and a wavelength converter; and at leastone of a second light emitting unit configured to emit light having apeak wavelength in a range of about 286 nm to about 304 nm to causeproduction of vitamin D upon irradiation, a third light emitting unitconfigured to emit light having a peak wavelength in a range of about605 nm to about 935 nm to cause production of a cell activatingsubstance upon irradiation, and a fourth light emitting unit configuredto emit light having a peak wavelength in a range of about 400 nm toabout 430 nm to sterilize pathogenic microorganisms, wherein thecontroller is configured to control the LED driver using the RTC tochange a color temperature of the first light emitting unit inaccordance with a change in a color temperature of sunlight, and tochange an irradiance of light emitted from at least one of the second,third, and fourth light emitting units according to time, and whereinthe LED luminaire includes a greater number of the first light emittingunit than any of the second, third, and fourth light emitting units. 2.The lighting apparatus of claim 1, wherein the LED luminaire comprisestwo or more of the second light emitting unit, the third light emittingunit, and the fourth light emitting unit.
 3. The lighting apparatus ofclaim 1, further comprising a memory configured to store data associatedwith a change in light intensity of at least one of the second, third,and fourth light emitting units based on a seasonal time.
 4. Thelighting apparatus of claim 1, wherein light emitted from the firstlight emitting diode and the wavelength converter implements whitelight.
 5. The lighting apparatus of claim 4, wherein the first lightemitting diode emit light having a peak wavelength in a range of about400 nm to about 430 nm.
 6. The lighting apparatus of claim 5, wherein:the wavelength converter includes a blue phosphor; and the white lighthas a first peak by the first light emitting diode and a second peak bythe blue phosphor, the first and second peaks being at differentwavelengths from each other.
 7. The lighting apparatus of claim 6,wherein the wavelength converter further includes a green phosphor and ared phosphor.
 8. The lighting apparatus of claim 4, wherein the firstlight emitting unit is formed in plural, each of the first lightemitting units being configured to emit white light having differentcolor temperatures from each other.
 9. The lighting apparatus of claim1, wherein the first light emitting unit is formed in plural, and whitelight is implemented by a combination of light emitted from each of thefirst light emitting units.
 10. The lighting apparatus of claim 1,wherein the second light emitting unit is configured to emit ultravioletlight having a peak wavelength in a range of about 291 nm to about 301nm.
 11. The lighting apparatus of claim 10, wherein the second lightemitting unit is spaced apart from the wavelength converter.
 12. Thelighting apparatus of claim 1, wherein the cell activating substanceincludes nitric oxide (NO) produced by cytochrome c oxidase activity inmitochondria.
 13. The lighting apparatus of claim 12, wherein: thewavelength converter includes a wavelength converting substanceconfigured to convert a wavelength of light into light having a peakwavelength in a range of about 685 nm to about 705 nm, about 790 nm toabout 840 nm, or about 875 nm to about 935 nm; and the LED luminaireincludes the second light emitting unit or the fourth light emittingunit.
 14. The lighting apparatus of claim 12, wherein the third lightemitting unit is configured to emit light having a peak wavelength inthe range of about 685 nm to about 705 nm, about 790 nm to about 840 nm,or about 875 nm to about 935 nm.
 15. The lighting apparatus of claim 1,wherein the peak wavelength of light emitted from the fourth lightemitting unit is different from that emitted from the first lightemitting diode.
 16. The lighting apparatus of claim 15, wherein the peakwavelength of light emitted from the fourth light emitting unit is about405 nm.
 17. The lighting apparatus of claim 1, further comprising acircuit board on which the first light emitting unit and at least one ofthe second to third light emitting units are mounted.
 18. A lightingsystem, comprising: a lighting apparatus; and an electronic control unitconfigured to input a signal into the lighting apparatus, wherein thelighting apparatus includes: a controller including a real time clock(RTC); an LED driver; and an LED luminaire comprising: a first lightemitting unit emitting light for general lighting, the first lightemitting unit including a first light emitting diode configured to emitlight having a peak wavelength in a range of about 300 nm to about 470nm and a wavelength converter; and at least one of a second lightemitting unit configured to emit light having a peak wavelength in arange of about 286 nm to about 304 nm to cause production of vitamin Dupon irradiation, a third light emitting unit configured to emit lighthaving a peak wavelength in a range of about 605 nm to about 935 nm tocause production of a cell activating substance upon irradiation, and afourth light emitting unit configured to emit light having a peakwavelength in a range of about 400 nm to about 430 nm to sterilizepathogenic microorganisms, wherein the controller is configured tocontrol the LED driver using the RTC to change a color temperature ofthe first light emitting unit in accordance with a change in a colortemperature of sunlight, and to change an irradiance of light emittedfrom at least one of the second, third, and fourth light emitting unitsaccording to time, and wherein the LED luminaire includes a greaternumber of the first light emitting unit than any of the second, third,and fourth light emitting units.
 19. The lighting system of claim 18,wherein the electronic control unit includes at least one of a remotecontroller, a mobile app, a PC, and a server.
 20. The lighting system ofclaim 19, wherein the electronic control unit is configured tocommunicate with the controller wirelessly.